Brazil has 6 festivals in this guide, spread across 5 cities. They run in February, March, September, October and December, and festival-day temperatures range from 27°C (81°F) to 33°C (91°F), with nights down to 17°C (63°F). That range is the reason there is no single "Brazil festival outfit". The answer changes by month and by site.
5 of them run in real heat (28°C or more), where loose natural fabrics beat coverage and a brimmed hat does more than any garment. 3 carry a high rain risk, which makes waterproof footwear a requirement rather than a precaution.
The ground matters as much as the sky. You will find city streets, arena grounds, city park, open field and beach, which puts waterproof boots at the top of the list for most of these events. 2 of the 6 have camping on site, so outfits have to survive living in a bag on the ground for several days.
Stylistically the crowd here leans costume, tropical, glam and carnival. Rio Carnival is the largest of them at around 2,000,000 people, and it sets the tone the smaller ones react to. None of that is a dress code. It is what you will see, which is worth knowing if you would rather blend in or deliberately not.